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原则的议论文

admin 高二作文 2020-04-22 23:59:18 自己的议论文

篇一:《六大原则升级你的议论文写作》

六大原则升级你的议论文写作

作者:戚敏

来源:《新高考·高二英语》2012年第03期

议论文是高考英语作文中常见的文体,它是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论并表明自己的看法、态度、立场和主张的一种文体。

高考中的议论文写作相对还是比较简单的,一般都是三段式的,分别为引子、正文和结论三部分。引子部分通常阐述一下问题的现状;正文部分进行详细的分析论证,如从两方面分析说明事物或事件的利弊,有时也会单从一个方面论述;结论部分表明作者的观点、态度或对某问题的前景进行预测。

那什么样的文章算是一篇好的议论文呢?从内容上来说就是要点全面,论证严密,观点明确;从语言上来说就是词汇、句型、语法多样化;从结构上讲就是连接词和过渡句使用得当,逻辑严密,全文段落清晰、结构紧凑。

在具体的写作中,我们可以依据以下几个原则,提升你的议论文的等级:

Tip 1:主题句原则

“国有其君,家有其主。”文章也要有其主题,所以一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然。如:

To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without efficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly. 这里要特别提醒同学们,隐藏主题句可是要冒险的!

Tip 2:一、二、三原则

我们平常听别人作报告总会罗列第一部分,第一点、第二点、第三点;第二部分,第一点……,条理非常清楚。阅卷老师看学生的应试作文也会通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构完整,条理清晰。

下面提供几组表示并列和递进关系的词汇,同学们可以灵活运用,使自己的文章脉络清晰,逻辑关系更顺畅明了。

1) first, second, third, last(初级)

2) firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(初级)

3) the first, the second, the third, the last(初级)

4) in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly

5) to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)

6) to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)

7) first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)

8) most important of all, moreover, finally

9) on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)

10) for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)

Tip 3:长短句相结合的原则

文章总是写短句,显得很单调;总是长句,读者读起来又会觉得累。写一个长句吸引读者眼球之后再来个短小精辟的句子,可以起到画龙点睛的作用。长短句结合,方显得抑扬顿挫。建议同学们可以在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短。如:

Nowadays, many people are enthusiastic about buying all kinds of lottery tickets which has raised great concern in society. (长句)

再比如:

Computers are now being widely used everywhere, whether in the government, in schools or in businesses. Soon, computers will be found in every home, too.(长短句结合)

Tip 4:短语优先原则

写作时,尤其是在考试时,使用短语至少有两个好处:其一、用短语会给文章增加亮点,同时向阅卷老师show一下你的词汇量;其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如:I cannot stand it. 可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it。I want it.可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. 这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确生动。 Tip 5:少虚多实原则

这一原则背后的原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词不是语法意义上的虚词,而是指那些空泛、

篇二:《议论文写作三原则》

龙源期刊网 .cn

议论文写作三原则

作者:马祥勇

来源:《新作文·中学作文教学研究》2012年第12期

我们反对作文的刻板化和模式化,提倡写作的规范化,议论文写作尤其是高考应试议论文的写作有三项原则至关重要,即点题、结构完整、恰当运用材料。下面我们以人教新课标版高中语文教材的三篇选文为例,来逐一说明。

第一,跟鲁迅学点题

高考评卷受人力和时间的限制,评卷时间都比较短,让评卷老师对文章作出“符合题意”的判断而给出恰当的分数,非点题不可。点题,可谓考场作文成功的关键。如何点题,考场作文首先应该在文章的开篇快速入题,开门见山,简洁明快地亮明观点,不能寓意朦胧,故弄玄虚。为了让评卷老师强化对文章“符合题意”的深切感受而赢得对文章的好感,在行文过程中还应该多处使用显性的、能够体现题旨的语句反复点明题意,以期告诉评卷老师,自己所写的文章一直在扣题而写,笔力集中,切合题意。万一感觉自己所选材料不精准,不能证明自己的观点,这时候也要“点题”,尽量通过论述性的语言把所选材料往题旨上引,实现误选材料补救式的软着陆。文章结尾往往会给人留下深刻的印象。所以千万不要错过这最后的点题机会,要给评卷老师一个“卒章显志”的感觉。

高中语文教材虽历经改换,鲁迅作品也已大量淡出,但《拿来主义》一文却是坚挺了60余年的名篇,这篇文章现入选人教新课标版必修4。从论证的层次结构上来看,《拿来主义》是一篇典范的议论文。第一段以清政府的闭关主义起笔,闭关主义的实质是闭关锁国,最后导致“送去主义”;第三段讲“送去主义”的危害,“送去主义”的实质是卖国主义,而这种卖国主义又加紧了帝国主义的侵略,即第四段和第六段谈的送来主义。送来主义即侵略主义,最终导致亡国灭种,所以鲁迅在第七段提出拿来主义。拿来之后怎样,第八段批驳三种错误做法,第九段提出正确主张,第十段总结全文。整篇文章浑然天成,有破有立,层层推进。但是,如果把

第二段和第五段去掉,却能够使文章的结构更加紧凑。鲁迅先生为什么不把它去掉,这是一处败笔吗?不是!那么这两段的作用是什么?点题!只是点题。大家可以考虑如果把这两段去掉的话,那么第一次谈到“拿来”这一话题已经到文章的第七段,对于一篇只有十个自然段的文章来说,如果到第七段才谈到“拿来”,显然是“入题太慢”了!

第二,跟苏洵学结构

议论文的基本结构模式可以概括为“三大三小”模式:“三大”是指全文总体结构分为三大部分,即引论、本论、结论部分;“三小”是指本论部分,一般又分为三小层,既从三个不同角度来证明中心论点。这样,全文形成了五段式结构。当然,三个(也可以写两个)小层次之间的关系可以是并列式,如《谈超越》。

篇三:《坚持自己的原则》

坚信自己的原则

在这个社会上,有许许多多人受到外界的干扰和诱惑,被外物所役,被名利所困。这是因为他们没能够坚持自己的主见,恪守自己的操行。如果他们能够坚持自己的主见,恪守自己的操行,结果则与那些不能做到的人相反。

现在的社会是黑暗的,而想要在这区域中寻求光明,那就是坚信自己的原则。每个人做事都应该有自己的原则。正如人们所说的‘人有所为有所不为,只要不违背自己的原则,不超越自己的底线’。 就拿台湾之前的领导人陈水扁来说吧。他就是受到名利的迷惑,没有坚信自己的原则,使台湾人民恨之入骨。他使台湾不能回到祖国的怀抱之中。也因为受到外界的干扰和诱惑,最终把自己送进了终生监狱。所以我们做事要有自己的原则,不要被外界所干扰和诱惑,要坚信自己的原则!

我国古代英雄人物—文天祥。为国奉献了他的一生。‘人生自古谁无死,留取丹心照汗青。’就是他所留下的一句千古名句。他在面对生死关头时,由始至终坚持自己的原则。无论敌兵怎样诱惑他都不为所动。在世上有谁在面对生与死是如此淡定?又有谁放着荣华富贵不要,宁愿与国家共存亡呢?相信不是很多。而文天祥就是这少数中的一个。因为他坚持自己的原则,不要说他固执,他只是有自己的做人、做事的原则。

一个人的原则很重要,我们可以从一个人的原则而看出他的品质如何。古代也有很多人值得我们学习,例如李白、苏轼、杜甫、杜牧、

屈原等等。他们每个人都有一个相同的特点—坚信、坚持自己的原则。

在当今社会上,能找出有自己原则的人是少之又少。又有几个人能做到‘我心有主’的呢?答案是很少。在这社会上处处充满诱惑,处处都有陷阱。你一不小心就会被外物所役,被名利所困。正因为如此,我们更要坚持自己的原则。无论身处何方,身边出了什么事,都要冷静下来思考,找到新方法,不要被外物所迷惑。因为一不小心就会迷失了自我,走向万劫不复。我们每时每刻都要坚持自己的原则,相信自己,相信自己的原则。

我有我的原则,我坚信自己的做人原则。不会因为受到外界的干扰和诱惑,而反放弃自己的原则。我相信我能做到‘我心有主’。

篇四:《议论文写作段落发展三大原则》

议论文写作段落发展三大原则

在应试型(雅思或新托福等)议论文写作中,通常遵循introduction- body-conclusion(引言段-主体段-结论段)的“三步曲”。Body(主体)段落提供了论证观点的理由,是整个文章的主体,在评分中占有很大的比重。例如一篇满分的雅思作文(9分)必须“presents a fully developed position in answer to the question with relevant, fully extended and well supported ideas”。这里的“fully extended / well supported”,必须通过主体段来体现。新托福的满分作文(5分)也要求“is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and/or details”,同样必须通过主体段落发展来实现。 一般来说,一篇议论文必须包含至少两个主体段。每个主体段都必须有明确的主题句“topic sentence”和若干支持句“supporting sentences”。他们共同组成文章的理由段,对全文的论点提供理由支持。初学者在练习议论文写作时,必须遵循理由段发展的几个简单原则,这对迅速完成理由段、构建连贯和理由充分的议论文大有帮助。这几个简单原则包括:

1. Write a topic sentence for each paragraph you plan to write. Each topic

sentence should relate to your thesis statement and introduce what the paragraph will be about. If you find that the topics you want to discuss do not support the thesis statement you have written, revise your thesis statement or reconsider your topic sentences. (每个主体段都必须有一个明确的主题句)

2. Write ideas that support your topic sentences. The topic sentence for each paragraph tells the reader what the paragraph will be about. The ideas stated in the rest of the paragraph should all relate to the topic sentence.

(支持句必须围绕主题句展开)

根据第2条的原则,我们来看看下面这个主体段:

Hobbies are important for many reasons. First, a hobby can be educational. For

example, if the hobby is stamp collecting, the person can learn about the countries of the world and even some of their history. Second, engaging in a hobby can lead to meeting other people with the same interests. A person can also meet other people by going to the school. Third, a person's free time is being used in a positive way. The person has no time to be bored or get into mischief while engaged in the hobby. Finally, some hobbies can lead to a future job. A person who enjoys a hobby-related job is more satisfied with life.

这段话的topic sentence很明显-“Hobbies are important for many reasons”,之后的支持句从三方面阐述hobby的重要性(first, second, third),但段中这句话"A person can also meet other people by going the school"与hobby重要的原因没有关系,因此削弱了整个段落的连贯性与统一性,应该被去掉。

3. Add details. To write a more fully developed paragraph, you need to add details to your supporting ideas. Your details can be facts, examples, personal

experiences, or descriptions.{原则的议论文}.{原则的议论文}.

(需要用多种方式提供细节展开段落)

根据第3条的原则,我们来看下面这个段落:

The Smithsonian Institution is worth visiting for a number of reasons. The

Smithsonian Institution comprises various museums that offer something for everyone. These museums include the National Museum of History and Technology, the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, the National Collection of Fine Arts, the National

Museum of Natural History, and several others. A person can do more than just look at the exhibits. For example, in the insect zoo at the National Museum of Natural History, anyone who so desires can handle some of the exhibits. The museums provide

unforgettable experiences. In climbing through the Skylab exhibit at the National

Aeronautics and Space Museum, I was able to imagine what it would be like to be an

astronaut in space. Movies shown at regular intervals aid in building an appreciation of our world. In the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, there is a theater that has a large screen. When the movie is shown, it gives the viewer the feeling that he or she is in the movie itself, either floating above the Earth in a hot-air balloon or hang gliding over cliffs. 这是一个成功的主题段,请注意这段话中段落细节展开的几种形式-提供事实、举例、个人经历和描述。我们把这个段落拆分后进行分析:

Topic sentence

(主题句)

The Smithsonian Institution is worth visiting for a number of reasons.

Supporting idea 1

(支持理由1)

The Smithsonian Institution comprises various museums that offer something for everyone.

Details – facts

(细节展开-提供事实)

These museums include the National Museum of History and Technology, the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, the National Collection of Fine Arts, the National Museum of Natural History, and several others.

Supporting idea 2

(支持理由2)

A person can do more than just look at the exhibits.

Details – examples

(细节展开-举例)

For example, in the insect zoo at the National Museum of Natural History, anyone who so desires can handle some of the exhibits.{原则的议论文}.

Supporting idea 3

(支持理由3)

The museums provide unforgettable experiences.

Details – personal

experience

(细节展开-个人经历)

In climbing through the Skylab exhibit at the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, I was able to imagine what it would be like to be an astronaut in space. Supporting idea 4

(支持理由4)

Movies shown at regular intervals aid in building an appreciation of our world. Details – description

(细节展开-描述)

In the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, there is a theater that has a large screen. When the movie is shown, it gives the viewer the feeling that he or she is in the movie itself, either floating above the Earth in a hot-air balloon or hang gliding over cliffs.

篇五:《托福写作议论文写作的3个重要原则》{原则的议论文}.

智课网TOEFL备考资料

托福写作议论文写作的3个重要原则

摘要: 托福写作议论文写作的3个重要原则。写好新托福作文就必须在文章结构上下一番功夫。主题明确,逻辑清晰地文章很容易在第一时间就给ETS考官留下良好的印象。

在2010年新 托福 议论文写作中,通常遵循introduction- body-conclusion(引言段-主体段-结论段)的三步曲。Body(主体)段落提供了论证观点的理由,是整个文章的主体,在评分中占有很大的比重。例如一篇满分的作文(9分)必须presents a fully developed position in answer to the question with relevant, fully extended and well supported ideas。这里的fully extended / well supported,必须通过主体段来体现。新2010年托福的满分作文(5分)也要求is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and/or details,同样必须通过主体段落发展来实现。{原则的议论文}.

Topic sentence(主题句)

The Smithsonian Institution is worth visiting for a number of reasons.

Supporting idea 1(支持理由1)

The Smithsonian Institution comprises various museums that offer something for everyone.

Details – facts(细节展开-提供事实)

These museums include the National Museum of History and Technology, the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, the National Collection of Fine Arts, the National Museum of Natural History, and several others.

Supporting idea 2(支持理由2)

A person can do more than just look at the exhibits.

Details – examples(细节展开-举例)

Toefl reading 托福阅读

For example, in the insect zoo at the National Museum of Natural History, anyone who so desires can handle some of the exhibits.

Supporting idea 3(支持理由3)

The museums provide unforgettable experiences.

Details – personal experience(细节展开-个人经历)

In climbing through the Skylab exhibit at the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, I was able to imagine what it would be like to be an astronaut in space.

Supporting idea 4(支持理由4)

Movies shown at regular intervals aid in building an appreciation of our world.

Details – description(细节展开-描述)

In the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, there is a theater that has a large screen. When the movie is shown, it gives the viewer the feeling that he or she is in the movie itself, either floating above the Earth in a hot-air balloon or hang gliding over cliffs.

推荐新闻:

TOEFL写作实用词组整理推荐{原则的议论文}.

托福写作技巧之压缩审题时间

写作技巧之如何写好引言段

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