在学习、工作乃至生活中,大家都经常接触到作文吧,作文是一种言语活动,具有高度的综合性和创造性。相信很多朋友都对写作文感到非常苦恼吧,下面是小编收集整理的高考英语作文常用修辞手法,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。
1.比喻(metaphor)
比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻:
明喻(simile):
用like, as, as...as, as if(though)或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如:
O my love’s like a red, red rose.我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。
The man can’t be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel.那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。
He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。
Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream.童年就像一场疾逝的梦。
暗喻(metaphor):
用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。例如:
He has a heart of stone.他有一颗铁石心肠。
The world is a stage.世界是一个大舞台。
2.换喻(metonymy)
用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称,只要一提到其中一种事物,就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the White House代替美国政府或者总统,用the bottle来代替wine或者alcohol,用the bar来代替the legal profession,用crown代替king等。例如:
His purse would not allow him that luxury.他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。
The mother did her best to take care of the cradle.母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。
He succeeded to the crown in 1848.他在1848年继承了王位。
3.提喻(synecdoche)
指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分,以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如:
He earns his bread by writing.他靠写作挣钱谋生。
The farms were short of hands during the harvest season.在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。
Australia beat Canada at CRIcket.澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。
He is the Newton of this century.他是这个世纪的牛顿。
4.拟人(personification)
把事物或者概念当作人或者具备人的品质的写法叫拟人。例如:
My heart was singing.我的心在歌唱。
This time fate was smiling to him.这一次命运朝他微笑了。
The flowers nodded to her while she passed.当她经过的'时候花儿向她点头致意。
The wind whistled through the trees.风穿过树丛,树叶哗哗作响。
5.委婉(euphemism)
用温和的、间接的词语代替生硬的、粗俗的词语,以免直接说出不愉快的事实冒犯别人或者造成令人窘迫、沮丧的局面。例如:
用to fall asleep; to cease thinking; to pass away; to go to heaven; to leave us代替to die
用senior citizens代替old people
用a slow learner或者an under achiever代替a stupid pupil
用weight watcher代替fat people
用mental hospital代替madhouse或者asylum
用emotionally disturbed代替mad
用washroom, men’s / women’s room代替lavatory
用handicapped代替CRIppled
用low income brackets; underprivileged; disadvantaged代替poor people
6.双关(pun)
用同音异义或者一词二义来达到诙谐幽默的效果:表面上是一个意思,而实际上却暗含另一个意思,这种暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。例如:
A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (arms可指手臂或者武器)
一发炮弹打断了他的腿,所以他缴械投降了。
“Can I try on that gown in the window?” asked a would-be customer.
“Certainly not, madam!” replied the salesman.我可以试穿一下橱窗里的那件睡袍吗?或者:我可以在橱窗里试穿那件睡袍吗?
Seven days without water make one weak (week).七天没有水使一个人虚弱。或者:七天没有水就是一周没有水。
7.反语(irony)
使用与真正意义相反的词,正话反说或者反话正说,从对立的角度运用词义来产生特殊的效果。下面就是莎士比亚的戏剧Julius Caesar中的一个运用反语的很好的例子,Brutus出于野心刺杀了Caesar, Caesar的好友Antony讥讽Brutus说:
Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest—
For Brutus is an honorable man;
So are they all, all honorable men—
Come I to speak in Caesar’s funeral.
He was my friend, faithful and just to me:
But Brutus says he was ambitious;
版权声明
本站文章收集于互联网,仅代表原作者观点,不代表本站立场,文章仅供学习观摩,请勿用于任何商业用途。
如有侵权请联系邮箱tuxing@rediffmail.com,我们将及时处理。本文地址:https://www.wuliandi.com/zuowen/yyzw/ksyyzw/gkyyzw/202203/2839287.html